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A re-evaluation of the Health Professionals Follow-Up Studydata after an additional 8 years of observation initially reportedthat compared to the effects of the consumption of less than 90mg of vitamin C daily, the daily consumption of 1000 mg or moresignificantly increased the relative risk of forming a kidney stone by41% . In addition,these environmental toxins downregulate the activities of testicularHSD3B2 and HSD17B3 283, ; this effect is prevented byconcurrent consumption of vitamin C 283,285,288,289, suggestingthat vitamin C may directly upregulate testosterone synthesisin addition to protecting the synthetic pathway from oxidativeinhibition. Oral vitamin C increases LH secretion by isolated pituitary cellsin the absence of hypothalamic LH releasing hormone andstimulates testosterone synthesis 278,282 and increased serum totaltestosterone concentrations in otherwise unmanipulated healthymale rats. In Leydig cells, testosterone synthesisis stimulated by phosphatidylserine through a sequence in whichphosphatidylserine induces the translocation of cytosolic Akt (protein kinase B) to the plasma membrane and interacts directly with Akt toalter its conformation and allow it to be activated via phosphorylationby mTOR2 249,250.